Theories, Models, Frameworks, and Approaches (TMFAs)
Applying implementation science in practice involves using theories, models, and frameworks (and often approaches as well).
Theories describe the mechanism of change - how we create change. Process models provide the steps or stages of implementing evidence. Frameworks present factors that affect different aspects of implementation, such as context or sustainability. Approaches is a catch-all term for different methods or considerations that can be used to help us implement better. For example, implementation strategies or a sustainability planning tool.
Image specifications
Image adapted from “Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks” by Per Nilsen
How to cite this image (APA Style)
Theories, Models, and Frameworks (TMFAs). Adapted from Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Sci, 10, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0. Image developed by The Center for Implementation, © 2023. Version: V2024.01. https://thecenterforimplementation.com/toolbox/theories-models-frameworks